Quick Recommendations:

  • THCA → Δ9-THC – bake at 240°F/116°C for 40 minutes
  • CBDA → CBD – bake at 240°F/116°C for 90 minutes
  • CBGA → CBG – bake at 220°F/105°C for 60 minutes
  • Δ9-THC → CBN – bake at 240°F/116°C for 180+ minutes (approximate; CBN forms slowly, mostly through aging and oxygen exposure, so a single bake yields only a little)

Before you can get to the fun part of cooking or baking with cannabis, you have to “activate” the good stuff, like THC and CBD. That’s all decarboxylation is! I’m here to walk you through everything I’ve learned about why we do it, how to do it in your own kitchen, and how you can get started today. Think of me as your experienced friend, here to show you the ropes. 👯

A picture of decarbed cannabis flower in an oven-safe baking dish with text that says how to easily decarb cannabis at home for edibles and topicals.

Table of Contents

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Why You Will Love This Guide

Not long ago, a member of my Well With Cannabis Community asked me, “What exactly is decarboxylation, and why do we even need to do it?” It’s such a great question and one I had myself when I started this journey.

Decarboxylation is the essential first step you need to take before infusing cannabis into oil, butter, tinctures, edibles, topicals, and more.

Here’s a little secret: if you just ate a piece of raw cannabis, you wouldn’t feel the intoxicating effects of THC.

That’s because the plant doesn’t naturally contain a lot of THC. Instead, it has something called cannabinoid acids, like THCA.

These acids have their own benefits, but they won’t get you “high.” To transform THCA into the THC we know and love, we need to apply a little heat.

🪄 That’s the magic of decarboxylation.

You can easily do this at home by baking your dried cannabis in the oven or decarb machine at a low temperature.

In this guide, I’ll show you my simple oven method, break down the science in a way that makes sense, and share my personal tips so you can feel totally confident doing it yourself.

A picture of decarbed cannabis flower in an oven-safe baking dish.

How to Decarb Cannabis Before Making Edibles or Topicals

Author: Emily Kyle, MS, RDN, HCP
4.64 from 254 votes
In this easy-to-follow guide, I’ll walk you through the essential process of decarboxylation, helping you activate those important cannabinoids like THC and CBD to unlock the full potential of your product before making edibles or topicals.
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Watch the Video

Equipment

What You Need
 
 

  • 1 ounce cannabis *any amount is fine

Instructions

Oven Decarboxylation Instructions

  • Look at the chart below and preheat your oven to the right temperature. For most THC-dominant flower, you will want to set the oven to 240°F.
  • If you have a digital scale, weigh your cannabis in grams or ounces. This step is optional, but helps with dosing later on if you plan to use my edible dosage calculator.
  • Gently break up the cannabis buds with your fingers into small, popcorn-sized pieces. I pull out any obvious stems or seeds but I don't grind it. Grinding can make your final product taste a bit grassy.
  • Spread the flower in your oven-safe dish and put the lid on. If you don't have a lid, cover it tightly with foil. This helps contain the smell and preserves the flavorful terpenes.
  • Place the dish in the oven and bake for the recommended time for your available cannabinoid. For THC, that's usually 40 minutes.
  • Resist the urge to open the oven, lift the lid, or otherwise check on the material. Let it bake uninterrupted for the desired amount of time.
  • When the timer goes off, carefully take the dish out of the oven. Here’s a key tip: let it cool down completely with the lid still on. This lets all those amazing aromas settle back into the flower.
  • That's it! Your cannabis is now decarbed and ready to use.
  • If you notice any moisture accumulated during the process, make sure to allow the cannabis flower to dry out completely before storing it. Moisture can lead to mold and compromise the quality of your decarbed cannabis, so lay it out on a clean, dry surface in a well-ventilated area until it feels dry to the touch.

Storage Instructions

  • Once your cannabis is decarbed, cooled and dried, store it in an airtight container, like a mason jar, and keep it in a cool, dark place like a pantry. To keep it fresh, you can add a humidity control pack (like a Boveda pack).
  • If you want to store it for a longer time, the freezer is a great option. It does a fantastic job of preserving the potency of the THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids.

Notes

👉 Materials: This tutorial will work for any type of cannabis, including flower, buds, trim, leaf, or shake. Check my other guides for decarbing kief and decarbing concentrates. 
👉 Amounts: It does not matter how much you decarb at once. From a gram to an ounce, the process remains the same.
👉 Color Change: At the end of the process, you are looking for a light golden brown color and a fragrant aroma. However, if you do not notice a big color change, do not panic. This is OK. Do not decarb any longer; go based on time.

Time & Temperature Recommendations: 

Do you have a question or need help?Join hundreds of members inside private Well With Cannabis Community for help, support, and to share your edible creations!
Cannabis before and after decarbing for optimal potency and effects.
Learn how to decarb cannabis with visual guide on appearance before and after decarbing.
The equipment needed to decarb including a pink oven safe baking dish.

What You’ll Need

Besides your cannabis (any amount works) and an optional scale and thermometer, the only real decision is what you bake it in. Here are the best options, each with a slightly different trade-off:

Choose One:

  • Oven-safe baking dish: Using an oven-safe baking dish is the best practice. From a glass pie pan covered with foil to an old Pyrex baking dish with a lid, you want to ensure you are using something specifically designed to be used in an oven. It is not recommended to place mason jars in the oven; see FAQ below for more details.
  • Stasher Silicone Bags
    Made from food-grade silicone, Stasher bags are an eco-friendly and reusable solution. These bags are perfect for sealing in the aroma during decarbing while also being easy to clean and durable.
  • Aluminum Foil Pouches
    Creating a pouch with aluminum foil is a simple, effective, and budget-friendly method. Make a secure, airtight envelope using foil to wrap the cannabis, which helps contain the smell and ensures even heating.
  • Decarb Boxes or Trays
    Specialized decarb boxes or trays, designed for cannabis enthusiasts, can also make the process straightforward. These tools are purpose-made for even heating and odor management.
Cannabis before and after decarbing for optimal potency and effects.

See It In Pictures

Want to see what the process looks like? Here are photos of the cannabis before and after decarbing so you know exactly what to look for. The full written steps, times, and temperatures are in the guide card above.

Cannabis flower spread in an oven-safe dish before decarboxylation.
Cannabis before and after decarbing for optimal potency and effects.

Why You Need to Decarb

When I first started making edibles, I was so confused.

“What is this? Why do I need to do it? And why didn’t I know this sooner?”

But the truth is, you’ve probably already done it without even realizing it!

If you’ve ever smoked cannabis, the flame from the lighter does the decarbing for you instantly. Same with a vape pen, the heat activates the compounds right before you inhale.

So, if you just eat raw cannabis, you won’t get that familiar “high.”

That’s because raw cannabis has THCA and CBDA, cannabinoid acids which are non-intoxicating.

Through decarboxylation, we gently heat it to remove a part of the molecule (a carboxyl group), which turns the THCA into the psychoactive Δ9-THC we’re looking for.1

This process also works to convert CBDA into CBD, though neither of those will get you high. While THCA and CBDA have their own unique wellness benefits, most of us decarb to get the full effects of active THC and CBD.

It’s really just a fun little kitchen experiment to get you to your desired result.

How to Decarb at Home

The easiest way to decarb at home is by using heat. Your oven or an Instant Pot is the perfect tool for the job.

The goal is to heat the cannabis at a low temperature for a specific amount of time. This activates the cannabinoids without destroying other beneficial compounds like terpenes, which give cannabis its unique aroma and flavor.

It gets a little tricky because each cannabinoid and terpene has its own ideal temperature.

THCA starts to convert at around 220°F, but it needs more time and a slightly higher temperature to convert almost completely. That’s why I recommend 240°F for about 40 minutes as a reliable setting for full activation, rather than the lower onset temperature2.

If you are working with CBD-dominant flower, keep in mind that CBDA requires more time to fully activate. I have a complete guide for decarbing CBD here.

Also, know that the type and strain of cannabis you are using will impact your final results.

This is why I recommend starting with the temperatures and times I listed above. They are a great, reliable starting point.

Experiment With Different Temperatures

Feel free to play around with different times and temperatures to see what works best for you. There are many paths to the same destination!

Remember, if you want to decarb at a higher temperature, you’ll need less time to achieve activation.

Just be careful with extreme heat, like from a broiler or microwave. High temperatures can destroy the very compounds you’re trying to activate.

While heat is needed to decarboxylate, extreme temperatures can destroy many important compounds that contribute to positive health outcomes3. 

We want to be gentle to preserve all that goodness.

A picture of decarbed cannabis flower in an oven-safe baking dish.

Lab Tests

When I first wrote about this years ago, I didn’t have access to lab testing. I just went with the standard advice: bake at 240°F for 40 minutes. But now, I can run my own tests, and I was so excited to see the real-world data from my own kitchen.

I sent a sample of the same flower for testing before and after decarbing using my go-to method.

The “before” test showed the flower had 1.34% THC and 18.75% THCA. After baking it at 240°F for 40 minutes, the “after” test came back with 17.12% THC and only 0.40% THCA.

That’s a nearly perfect conversion!

💡It gave me so much peace of mind to know that the method I’ve been sharing for years is both effective and accurate.

Lab Tests Before Decarboxylation:

A picture of lab tests for Emily Kyles decarboxylation process.

Lab Tests After Decarboxylation:

A picture of lab tests for Emily Kyles decarboxylation process.

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What If I Don’t Decarb?

I hear this all the time: “Back in the day, we didn’t do that decarb thing. We just left it in the crockpot for 24 hours, and it was plenty strong!”

And you know what? They’re absolutely right. I bet the butter was super strong, and green and grassy.

Decarboxylation happens on a time-and-temperature scale. Leaving cannabis in a low-heat crockpot (around 160°F) for a whole day will definitely cause decarb to happen, it’s just a much slower process.

So why do I recommend the quicker oven method first?

A few reasons. It ensures maximum activation of the cannabinoids and helps preserve those delicate terpenes.

But honestly, the biggest reason for me is taste. Long infusion times can pull a lot of chlorophyll (the green stuff in plants) into your butter or oil. Chlorophyll isn’t harmful, but it can give your edibles a strong, grassy flavor.

By decarbing first and then doing a shorter infusion (around 4 hours), you get a more potent and much better-tasting final product.

This is my favorite way to create all of my popular staple oils, including:

⭐ Remember, without decarboxylation, you will not experience the full range of active ingredients like THC and CBD.

It’s Not Going to Be Perfect

If you ask ten members of my Well With Cannabis Community how they decarboxylate cannabis, you will likely get ten different answers. 

And that’s okay! It’s important to remember that we’re not working in a sterile lab. This is home cooking!

Every plant is different, and every kitchen setup is different. Your oven might run a little hotter or cooler than mine. Don’t let that discourage you!

While this sounds like one big science experiment going on in your kitchen, it really is as simple as putting cannabis in the oven and baking it.

Ultimately, we all arrive at the same goal, activated THC and CBD that can be used in homemade edibles, topicals, and more.

If you want to be as precise as possible, here are a few things I’ve learned to keep in mind.

Temperature Control

Ovens can have temperature swings. I really recommend getting an oven-safe thermometer to see what’s actually happening in there.

Also, try not to open the oven door while it’s baking. Every time you peek, the temperature drops and can throw off your timing.

Different Equipment

You don’t have to use an oven! I’ve seen people use an Instant Pot, decarb machine, an air fryer, sous vide, and even a pressure cooker.

I’ve even seen a guy use a toaster oven outside in the garage because his wife didn’t want him to decarb inside.

Basically, anything that can hold a steady temperature around 240°F will work.

If you’re concerned about the smell, using an Instant Pot or a dedicated decarb machine can help keep the aroma contained.

Different methods will have different temperature controls, so I recommend you use a thermometer as needed throughout the process. 

Small variables in the different types of cooking equipment may impact your final product, but it is a great idea to experiment with different options to find what works best for you. 

Decarboxylated cannabis buds in a heart-shaped pink bowl for edibles.

Estimating The Potency

One of the only downsides to making edibles at home is that it’s hard to know the exact potency without lab testing, which makes precise dosing tricky.

However, you can get a pretty good estimate. I created an edibles dosage calculator that helps you do the math.

It even accounts for the natural weight change during decarboxylation. THCA is a heavier molecule than THC, so when it loses its carboxyl group as carbon dioxide, the most THC you can get is about 88% of the starting THCA by weight. So roughly 100mg of THCA converts to a maximum of about 87–88mg of THC. This isn’t lost potency, it’s just the carbon dioxide leaving the molecule.

Thankfully, my calculator does all the math for you, and all you need to do is check the box.

How to Use Decarbed Cannabis

Once the decarbing process is over, the world is your oyster!

You can use it to make butter, oils, tinctures, topicals, and a wide range of cannabis products – you dream it, you can make it. 

Or, you don’t have to do anything at all; you can grind the weed into a fine powder and enjoy the decarbed weed as-is, similar to how other dried herbs are used. 

This powder can be sprinkled onto food, added to your favorite recipe like my cannabis ranch dressing, or put into capsules for easy consumption.

Members of my Well With Cannabis Community make their own tea, honey, or seasoning blends with their decarboxylated cannabis flower. 

Others will move forward to use the decarbed cannabis flower to make a cannabis-infused oil or cannabis-infused butter with a simple infusion process.

What to Do with Decarbed Cannabis

🌿 Quick Quiz: Have You Mastered Decarbing?

Test your decarboxylation know-how with this quick quiz — no email required, just a fun way to check what you’ve learned!

Frequently Asked Questions

I’m new and overwhelmed; where do I start?

No worries, I am here to help you! If you haven’t already, check out my guide to help you on your cannabis journey. And be sure to grab your free copy of my printable terms & abbreviations chart.

Will decarbing make my house smell like weed?

Yes – the decarboxylation process can cause your house to smell like weed. This is because, when we bake cannabis, we activate and release certain terpenes, which give cannabis its distinct smell. While some enjoy the wonderful aroma, others are concerned about the smell affecting a loved one, a neighbor, or someone else in the home. That is why we recommend baking in a sealed, oven-safe dish with a lid (or in an Instant Pot): it holds in many of the terpenes, which both improves your final product and significantly reduces the odor.

Can I decarb in a mason jar?

While it is very common and popular to decarb cannabis in a mason jar, Ball canning jars are not recommended to be used in the oven. A lid sealed too tight could cause a jar to crack, break, or explode. For this reason, we recommend baking the cannabis in an oven-safe baking dish with a lid.

What if I don’t have an oven-safe baking dish?

If you don’t have a dish safe in the oven, you can use a baking sheet or tray covered with aluminum foil or parchment paper. Just know that this will not hold in the smell as well as a covered option.

Should you grind the flower before decarb?

This is a matter of personal preference. Grinding can knock some of the trichomes off into the grinder instead of leaving them on your material. Grinding will also expose more surface area, allowing more chlorophyll to be absorbed into the final product. This is why I recommend skipping the grinding process and breaking up large buds by hand into smaller, popcorn-sized pieces instead.

Can you store decarbed cannabis for future use?

Yes, decarbed cannabis can be stored for quite a long time. It is recommended to store the decarbed cannabis in an airtight container, like a mason jar, in a cool, dark space. The freezer works well to help preserve the potency of THC and CBD.

Can I eat just decarbed cannabis?

Yes, you can eat decarbed cannabis as-is. Some people prefer grinding it into a fine powder and using it like any dried herb, sprinkled on food or put into capsules. Just go slow: depending on your material, this method can be surprisingly potent, and even a small amount can deliver a strong dose, so start with a little and wait before taking more.

How will decarbed weed make me feel?

It depends on the cannabinoids in your flower, the dose, and your own body, since everyone’s endocannabinoid system responds a little differently. THC-dominant cannabis will produce intoxicating effects once decarbed, while CBD-dominant flower will not get you high. Eating decarbed cannabis can also take longer to set in than smoking, so wait at least an hour or two before deciding whether to have more.

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Take your edibles to the next level…

My Edibles Made Easy Online Cooking Course will teach you how to easily make cannabis edibles and topical recipes at home. This step-by-step video course will teach you how to infuse, extract, and create edibles with many different product types – all from the comfort of your own home.

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About Emily

I’m a Registered Dietitian and Holistic Cannabis Practitioner, here to help you learn how to use the amazing benefits of the cannabis plant. My goal is to guide you in managing daily stress, finding joy again, building strong relationships, and improving your overall well-being in a natural and healthy way.

Read More About Me
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116 Comments

    1. Hello Ben, both options work well, so it really is just a matter of personal preference and what you have availalbe 😀

      Reply

  2. Hi I know you recommend not grinding the weed first but my dispensary sells it pre ground and very fine.

    Should I adapt the time/temperature?

    Reply

    1. Hi Percy. If your cannabis is pre-ground and very fine, it might decarb faster. I’d recommend keeping a close eye and reducing the cooking time, if needed, to avoid overcooking. Experiment with small adjustments to find what works best!

      Reply

  3. Wow amazing information I’ve just picked up an 1oz of cannabis. And sent the wife for the items needed to carry out the decarb process.
    Update to follow thank you xxx

    Reply

    1. Glad you found the information helpful, Lee! Good luck with the decarb process! We’re always here if you have any questions.

      Reply

  4. Hello! I decarbed in the oven, but on a cookie sheet with no lid or foil to cover, before reading your recommendations. What does the lid do for the process?
    Thank you!

    Reply

    1. Hello Kim! Using a lid or foil helps to retain the terpenes and prevent the loss of volatile compounds during the decarbing process. It can also help in maintaining a more consistent temperature. However, if you didn’t use one this time, you should still have effective results. Feel free to try it next time to see if you notice any difference. Thanks for reaching out!

      Reply

  5. In getting a lot of cbg-a keif what can I make with that can I make a wax or concentrate out of it if so pls lead me in the right steps I’d greatly appreciate it or anything really easy to make. Thanks Chason

    Reply

    1. You’re welcome, Roger! I’m glad to hear you’re gaining valuable knowledge. If you have any questions or need further insights, feel free to ask. Happy learning!

      Reply

    1. Hi William. To decarb freshly harvested flower effectively, a drying process is required. Fresh flower contains too much moisture, which can hinder the decarboxylation process. Drying the flower first helps ensure that you activate the cannabinoids properly for optimal results.

      Reply

  8. High 😁
    All I care about is THC. So for a basic rule of thumb? Without any Bliss butter. Is it 240 for 40 minutes? Then how much weed to how much butter?
    Thank you ♥️

    Reply

  9. 4 stars
    I’m using the InstaPot and it consistently works well per your directions. I have your leaf and oil chart handy and at this point, I have it memorized. CBD alone and THC alone works.

    I want to make a combination high CBD with THC. One product I have has about 16% CBDA and a small % of THC. Is there a way to make the combo together (it doesn’t sound it).

    Your website is great, easy to use, and has the most information out there (for me).

    Reply

    1. Hi Carl. I’m thrilled to hear that you’re finding success with your InstaPot and our guides! For creating a high CBD to THC ratio like 16:1, you’ll want to combine 16 parts of a CBD dominant product to 1 part of a THC product. For example, for every 16 grams of CBD, you would need to find a THC product with similar percentage and use one gram of that to achieve a 16:1 ratio. The key is to adjust the ratios based on the specific percentages of CBD and THC in the products you’re using to get the desired effect. You may not find matching strengths of CBD and THC. It may take a bit of trial and error to get the results you desire, but you’ll be thankful in the end! Thanks for your kind words about our website, and keep experimenting safely!

      Reply

  10. 5 stars
    Hi
    In your decarbing section, the THC to CBN 240° for 180 minutes…
    Does this mean leave the cannabis bud in for 180 minutes and it will convert to CBN?
    Also, I’m familiar with THC and CBD, but what exactly is CBN?
    THANKS!

    Reply

    1. Hi there Ken, thanks for reaching out with your questions! 😊 Yes, you’re correct. When you decarb cannabis at 240° for around 180 minutes, it helps convert THC into CBN. CBN, or cannabinol, is another compound found in cannabis, much like THC and CBD. It’s known for its potential sedative effects, which can be helpful for individuals having trouble sleeping. I’d recommend reading this article to fully understand how CBN might fit into your wellness routine. It’s always exciting to learn about the various compounds in cannabis and how they can be used! I hope this helps. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any more questions!

      Reply

    1. Hello, Your kind words truly warmed my heart! 🥰 It’s messages like yours that make all the work worthwhile. Thank you for your heartfelt appreciation. Remember, this space is here for you. If you have any questions or need more information, don’t hesitate to reach out. Let’s continue this journey together!

      Reply

  12. 4 stars
    I haven’t used it yet so I don’t know but it sounds perfect. My problem is I have cannabis tops in coconut oil i didn’t decarb juist heated the oil and put the tops in. Can I reverse the process and try again or is this out of the question? If I don’t hear back I will just try to get the well oiled cannabis dried out, somehow. And proceed with your recipe.. Thank you Emily.

    Reply

    1. Hi Joey. We typically recommend infusing for twice as long if it hasn’t been strained yet. If it’s already strained and ready to go, there is varying information out there, but I typically suggest 300°F for an infusion that contains THC-dominant cannabis. After 90 minutes, you should have almost a full conversion. The temperature and time are increased compared to the regular decarb process to account for the oil not heating as quickly as the buds alone. This shouldn’t burn your oil either, but it’s important to keep a close eye on it. I hope this helps!

      Reply

  13. Hi Emily,
    I notice you say that each cannabinoid decarbs at a different temp, but your guide shows the same temperature for every cannabinoid. This is quite confusing.

    Thanks,
    Skillit

    Reply

    1. Hi Skillit. We recommend 240º for decarboxylation, but different lengths of time depending on the primary cannabinoid. THC-40 Minutes. CBG-60 Minutes. CBD-90 Minutes. CBN-180 Minutes. This process may seem a bit perplexing at first but don’t worry, it will all become clear in due time. Trust me, we’ve been there too! Happy Decarboxylating! 🙂

      Reply

  14. I followed your recipe for baking my CBG in a covered baking dish for 60 minutes, but the buds never turned light brown there’s still green. I noticed your instructions for a covered dish are different than the other ones online that say to use a cookie sheet. I’m wondering what the benefits are to cooking it in a covered baking dish as opposed to a baking sheet with no cover?

    Reply

    1. Hi Gina. Thank you so much for trying out our recipe and reaching out with your question. I’m sorry to hear that the buds didn’t turn light brown as expected. Let me explain the benefits of using a covered baking dish.

      Decarbing your CBG in a covered baking dish helps create a more controlled environment inside the dish, which allows for better heat retention and even distribution, which can result in more consistent and thorough decarb. The cover helps trap moisture, leading to a slower and gentler cooking process and helps preserve the flavors and aromas of the buds.

      On the other hand, using a baking sheet without a cover typically allows for faster and more direct heat exposure. This method can result in quicker decarboxylation but may also risk the buds becoming overly dried or burnt.

      It’s worth mentioning that different recipes and methods found online may offer variations based on personal preferences or specific desired outcomes. It’s always good to experiment and find what works best for you.

      Reply

  15. I appreciate all how tos,…, and use your way to assists my health, you’re a great inspiration and helpful. Thank you.

    Reply

    1. Hi Marisol. We’re thrilled to hear that you’re finding the resources on our blog beneficial to your health. Your kind words are much appreciated, and it’s encouraging to know the content is making a positive impact. Feel free to reach out if you have any questions or suggestions!

      Reply