Quick Recommendations:

  • THCA → Δ9-THC – bake at 240°F/116°C for 40 minutes
  • CBDA → CBD – bake at 240°F/116°C for 90 minutes
  • CBGA → CBG – bake at 220°F/105°C for 60 minutes
  • Δ9-THC → CBN – bake at 240°F/116°C for 180+ minutes (approximate; CBN forms slowly, mostly through aging and oxygen exposure, so a single bake yields only a little)

Before you can get to the fun part of cooking or baking with cannabis, you have to “activate” the good stuff, like THC and CBD. That’s all decarboxylation is! I’m here to walk you through everything I’ve learned about why we do it, how to do it in your own kitchen, and how you can get started today. Think of me as your experienced friend, here to show you the ropes. 👯

A picture of decarbed cannabis flower in an oven-safe baking dish with text that says how to easily decarb cannabis at home for edibles and topicals.

Table of Contents

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Why You Will Love This Guide

Not long ago, a member of my Well With Cannabis Community asked me, “What exactly is decarboxylation, and why do we even need to do it?” It’s such a great question and one I had myself when I started this journey.

Decarboxylation is the essential first step you need to take before infusing cannabis into oil, butter, tinctures, edibles, topicals, and more.

Here’s a little secret: if you just ate a piece of raw cannabis, you wouldn’t feel the intoxicating effects of THC.

That’s because the plant doesn’t naturally contain a lot of THC. Instead, it has something called cannabinoid acids, like THCA.

These acids have their own benefits, but they won’t get you “high.” To transform THCA into the THC we know and love, we need to apply a little heat.

🪄 That’s the magic of decarboxylation.

You can easily do this at home by baking your dried cannabis in the oven or decarb machine at a low temperature.

In this guide, I’ll show you my simple oven method, break down the science in a way that makes sense, and share my personal tips so you can feel totally confident doing it yourself.

A picture of decarbed cannabis flower in an oven-safe baking dish.

How to Decarb Cannabis Before Making Edibles or Topicals

Author: Emily Kyle, MS, RDN, HCP
4.64 from 254 votes
In this easy-to-follow guide, I’ll walk you through the essential process of decarboxylation, helping you activate those important cannabinoids like THC and CBD to unlock the full potential of your product before making edibles or topicals.
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Watch the Video

Equipment

What You Need
 
 

  • 1 ounce cannabis *any amount is fine

Instructions

Oven Decarboxylation Instructions

  • Look at the chart below and preheat your oven to the right temperature. For most THC-dominant flower, you will want to set the oven to 240°F.
  • If you have a digital scale, weigh your cannabis in grams or ounces. This step is optional, but helps with dosing later on if you plan to use my edible dosage calculator.
  • Gently break up the cannabis buds with your fingers into small, popcorn-sized pieces. I pull out any obvious stems or seeds but I don't grind it. Grinding can make your final product taste a bit grassy.
  • Spread the flower in your oven-safe dish and put the lid on. If you don't have a lid, cover it tightly with foil. This helps contain the smell and preserves the flavorful terpenes.
  • Place the dish in the oven and bake for the recommended time for your available cannabinoid. For THC, that's usually 40 minutes.
  • Resist the urge to open the oven, lift the lid, or otherwise check on the material. Let it bake uninterrupted for the desired amount of time.
  • When the timer goes off, carefully take the dish out of the oven. Here’s a key tip: let it cool down completely with the lid still on. This lets all those amazing aromas settle back into the flower.
  • That's it! Your cannabis is now decarbed and ready to use.
  • If you notice any moisture accumulated during the process, make sure to allow the cannabis flower to dry out completely before storing it. Moisture can lead to mold and compromise the quality of your decarbed cannabis, so lay it out on a clean, dry surface in a well-ventilated area until it feels dry to the touch.

Storage Instructions

  • Once your cannabis is decarbed, cooled and dried, store it in an airtight container, like a mason jar, and keep it in a cool, dark place like a pantry. To keep it fresh, you can add a humidity control pack (like a Boveda pack).
  • If you want to store it for a longer time, the freezer is a great option. It does a fantastic job of preserving the potency of the THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids.

Notes

👉 Materials: This tutorial will work for any type of cannabis, including flower, buds, trim, leaf, or shake. Check my other guides for decarbing kief and decarbing concentrates. 
👉 Amounts: It does not matter how much you decarb at once. From a gram to an ounce, the process remains the same.
👉 Color Change: At the end of the process, you are looking for a light golden brown color and a fragrant aroma. However, if you do not notice a big color change, do not panic. This is OK. Do not decarb any longer; go based on time.

Time & Temperature Recommendations: 

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Cannabis before and after decarbing for optimal potency and effects.
Learn how to decarb cannabis with visual guide on appearance before and after decarbing.
The equipment needed to decarb including a pink oven safe baking dish.

What You’ll Need

Besides your cannabis (any amount works) and an optional scale and thermometer, the only real decision is what you bake it in. Here are the best options, each with a slightly different trade-off:

Choose One:

  • Oven-safe baking dish: Using an oven-safe baking dish is the best practice. From a glass pie pan covered with foil to an old Pyrex baking dish with a lid, you want to ensure you are using something specifically designed to be used in an oven. It is not recommended to place mason jars in the oven; see FAQ below for more details.
  • Stasher Silicone Bags
    Made from food-grade silicone, Stasher bags are an eco-friendly and reusable solution. These bags are perfect for sealing in the aroma during decarbing while also being easy to clean and durable.
  • Aluminum Foil Pouches
    Creating a pouch with aluminum foil is a simple, effective, and budget-friendly method. Make a secure, airtight envelope using foil to wrap the cannabis, which helps contain the smell and ensures even heating.
  • Decarb Boxes or Trays
    Specialized decarb boxes or trays, designed for cannabis enthusiasts, can also make the process straightforward. These tools are purpose-made for even heating and odor management.
Cannabis before and after decarbing for optimal potency and effects.

See It In Pictures

Want to see what the process looks like? Here are photos of the cannabis before and after decarbing so you know exactly what to look for. The full written steps, times, and temperatures are in the guide card above.

Cannabis flower spread in an oven-safe dish before decarboxylation.
Cannabis before and after decarbing for optimal potency and effects.

Why You Need to Decarb

When I first started making edibles, I was so confused.

“What is this? Why do I need to do it? And why didn’t I know this sooner?”

But the truth is, you’ve probably already done it without even realizing it!

If you’ve ever smoked cannabis, the flame from the lighter does the decarbing for you instantly. Same with a vape pen, the heat activates the compounds right before you inhale.

So, if you just eat raw cannabis, you won’t get that familiar “high.”

That’s because raw cannabis has THCA and CBDA, cannabinoid acids which are non-intoxicating.

Through decarboxylation, we gently heat it to remove a part of the molecule (a carboxyl group), which turns the THCA into the psychoactive Δ9-THC we’re looking for.1

This process also works to convert CBDA into CBD, though neither of those will get you high. While THCA and CBDA have their own unique wellness benefits, most of us decarb to get the full effects of active THC and CBD.

It’s really just a fun little kitchen experiment to get you to your desired result.

How to Decarb at Home

The easiest way to decarb at home is by using heat. Your oven or an Instant Pot is the perfect tool for the job.

The goal is to heat the cannabis at a low temperature for a specific amount of time. This activates the cannabinoids without destroying other beneficial compounds like terpenes, which give cannabis its unique aroma and flavor.

It gets a little tricky because each cannabinoid and terpene has its own ideal temperature.

THCA starts to convert at around 220°F, but it needs more time and a slightly higher temperature to convert almost completely. That’s why I recommend 240°F for about 40 minutes as a reliable setting for full activation, rather than the lower onset temperature2.

If you are working with CBD-dominant flower, keep in mind that CBDA requires more time to fully activate. I have a complete guide for decarbing CBD here.

Also, know that the type and strain of cannabis you are using will impact your final results.

This is why I recommend starting with the temperatures and times I listed above. They are a great, reliable starting point.

Experiment With Different Temperatures

Feel free to play around with different times and temperatures to see what works best for you. There are many paths to the same destination!

Remember, if you want to decarb at a higher temperature, you’ll need less time to achieve activation.

Just be careful with extreme heat, like from a broiler or microwave. High temperatures can destroy the very compounds you’re trying to activate.

While heat is needed to decarboxylate, extreme temperatures can destroy many important compounds that contribute to positive health outcomes3. 

We want to be gentle to preserve all that goodness.

A picture of decarbed cannabis flower in an oven-safe baking dish.

Lab Tests

When I first wrote about this years ago, I didn’t have access to lab testing. I just went with the standard advice: bake at 240°F for 40 minutes. But now, I can run my own tests, and I was so excited to see the real-world data from my own kitchen.

I sent a sample of the same flower for testing before and after decarbing using my go-to method.

The “before” test showed the flower had 1.34% THC and 18.75% THCA. After baking it at 240°F for 40 minutes, the “after” test came back with 17.12% THC and only 0.40% THCA.

That’s a nearly perfect conversion!

💡It gave me so much peace of mind to know that the method I’ve been sharing for years is both effective and accurate.

Lab Tests Before Decarboxylation:

A picture of lab tests for Emily Kyles decarboxylation process.

Lab Tests After Decarboxylation:

A picture of lab tests for Emily Kyles decarboxylation process.

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What If I Don’t Decarb?

I hear this all the time: “Back in the day, we didn’t do that decarb thing. We just left it in the crockpot for 24 hours, and it was plenty strong!”

And you know what? They’re absolutely right. I bet the butter was super strong, and green and grassy.

Decarboxylation happens on a time-and-temperature scale. Leaving cannabis in a low-heat crockpot (around 160°F) for a whole day will definitely cause decarb to happen, it’s just a much slower process.

So why do I recommend the quicker oven method first?

A few reasons. It ensures maximum activation of the cannabinoids and helps preserve those delicate terpenes.

But honestly, the biggest reason for me is taste. Long infusion times can pull a lot of chlorophyll (the green stuff in plants) into your butter or oil. Chlorophyll isn’t harmful, but it can give your edibles a strong, grassy flavor.

By decarbing first and then doing a shorter infusion (around 4 hours), you get a more potent and much better-tasting final product.

This is my favorite way to create all of my popular staple oils, including:

⭐ Remember, without decarboxylation, you will not experience the full range of active ingredients like THC and CBD.

It’s Not Going to Be Perfect

If you ask ten members of my Well With Cannabis Community how they decarboxylate cannabis, you will likely get ten different answers. 

And that’s okay! It’s important to remember that we’re not working in a sterile lab. This is home cooking!

Every plant is different, and every kitchen setup is different. Your oven might run a little hotter or cooler than mine. Don’t let that discourage you!

While this sounds like one big science experiment going on in your kitchen, it really is as simple as putting cannabis in the oven and baking it.

Ultimately, we all arrive at the same goal, activated THC and CBD that can be used in homemade edibles, topicals, and more.

If you want to be as precise as possible, here are a few things I’ve learned to keep in mind.

Temperature Control

Ovens can have temperature swings. I really recommend getting an oven-safe thermometer to see what’s actually happening in there.

Also, try not to open the oven door while it’s baking. Every time you peek, the temperature drops and can throw off your timing.

Different Equipment

You don’t have to use an oven! I’ve seen people use an Instant Pot, decarb machine, an air fryer, sous vide, and even a pressure cooker.

I’ve even seen a guy use a toaster oven outside in the garage because his wife didn’t want him to decarb inside.

Basically, anything that can hold a steady temperature around 240°F will work.

If you’re concerned about the smell, using an Instant Pot or a dedicated decarb machine can help keep the aroma contained.

Different methods will have different temperature controls, so I recommend you use a thermometer as needed throughout the process. 

Small variables in the different types of cooking equipment may impact your final product, but it is a great idea to experiment with different options to find what works best for you. 

Decarboxylated cannabis buds in a heart-shaped pink bowl for edibles.

Estimating The Potency

One of the only downsides to making edibles at home is that it’s hard to know the exact potency without lab testing, which makes precise dosing tricky.

However, you can get a pretty good estimate. I created an edibles dosage calculator that helps you do the math.

It even accounts for the natural weight change during decarboxylation. THCA is a heavier molecule than THC, so when it loses its carboxyl group as carbon dioxide, the most THC you can get is about 88% of the starting THCA by weight. So roughly 100mg of THCA converts to a maximum of about 87–88mg of THC. This isn’t lost potency, it’s just the carbon dioxide leaving the molecule.

Thankfully, my calculator does all the math for you, and all you need to do is check the box.

How to Use Decarbed Cannabis

Once the decarbing process is over, the world is your oyster!

You can use it to make butter, oils, tinctures, topicals, and a wide range of cannabis products – you dream it, you can make it. 

Or, you don’t have to do anything at all; you can grind the weed into a fine powder and enjoy the decarbed weed as-is, similar to how other dried herbs are used. 

This powder can be sprinkled onto food, added to your favorite recipe like my cannabis ranch dressing, or put into capsules for easy consumption.

Members of my Well With Cannabis Community make their own tea, honey, or seasoning blends with their decarboxylated cannabis flower. 

Others will move forward to use the decarbed cannabis flower to make a cannabis-infused oil or cannabis-infused butter with a simple infusion process.

What to Do with Decarbed Cannabis

🌿 Quick Quiz: Have You Mastered Decarbing?

Test your decarboxylation know-how with this quick quiz — no email required, just a fun way to check what you’ve learned!

Frequently Asked Questions

I’m new and overwhelmed; where do I start?

No worries, I am here to help you! If you haven’t already, check out my guide to help you on your cannabis journey. And be sure to grab your free copy of my printable terms & abbreviations chart.

Will decarbing make my house smell like weed?

Yes – the decarboxylation process can cause your house to smell like weed. This is because, when we bake cannabis, we activate and release certain terpenes, which give cannabis its distinct smell. While some enjoy the wonderful aroma, others are concerned about the smell affecting a loved one, a neighbor, or someone else in the home. That is why we recommend baking in a sealed, oven-safe dish with a lid (or in an Instant Pot): it holds in many of the terpenes, which both improves your final product and significantly reduces the odor.

Can I decarb in a mason jar?

While it is very common and popular to decarb cannabis in a mason jar, Ball canning jars are not recommended to be used in the oven. A lid sealed too tight could cause a jar to crack, break, or explode. For this reason, we recommend baking the cannabis in an oven-safe baking dish with a lid.

What if I don’t have an oven-safe baking dish?

If you don’t have a dish safe in the oven, you can use a baking sheet or tray covered with aluminum foil or parchment paper. Just know that this will not hold in the smell as well as a covered option.

Should you grind the flower before decarb?

This is a matter of personal preference. Grinding can knock some of the trichomes off into the grinder instead of leaving them on your material. Grinding will also expose more surface area, allowing more chlorophyll to be absorbed into the final product. This is why I recommend skipping the grinding process and breaking up large buds by hand into smaller, popcorn-sized pieces instead.

Can you store decarbed cannabis for future use?

Yes, decarbed cannabis can be stored for quite a long time. It is recommended to store the decarbed cannabis in an airtight container, like a mason jar, in a cool, dark space. The freezer works well to help preserve the potency of THC and CBD.

Can I eat just decarbed cannabis?

Yes, you can eat decarbed cannabis as-is. Some people prefer grinding it into a fine powder and using it like any dried herb, sprinkled on food or put into capsules. Just go slow: depending on your material, this method can be surprisingly potent, and even a small amount can deliver a strong dose, so start with a little and wait before taking more.

How will decarbed weed make me feel?

It depends on the cannabinoids in your flower, the dose, and your own body, since everyone’s endocannabinoid system responds a little differently. THC-dominant cannabis will produce intoxicating effects once decarbed, while CBD-dominant flower will not get you high. Eating decarbed cannabis can also take longer to set in than smoking, so wait at least an hour or two before deciding whether to have more.

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About Emily

I’m a Registered Dietitian and Holistic Cannabis Practitioner, here to help you learn how to use the amazing benefits of the cannabis plant. My goal is to guide you in managing daily stress, finding joy again, building strong relationships, and improving your overall well-being in a natural and healthy way.

Read More About Me
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116 Comments

  2. Hey Emily!
    So I have about 2oz of hydro shake. A good 1/3 of it is powder. I’m nervous to burn it. What do you recommend?

    Reply

    1. Hey Dally! I would just watch it closely for the last 10 minutes of the cooking process. If it begins looking too toasty, take it out of the oven and you should be good to go ☺️

      Reply

  4. Hello, I’m totally new working with cannabis.
    I’m ready to decarboxylate my flowers however, I don’t know how many buds I can put into a pint mason jar. an ounce? fill the jar 1/2 full? full?
    I’m assuming the less cannabis in each jar it heats evenly? Thanks

    Reply

    1. Hey Mindy! Welcome to the world of cannabis edibles 🙂 I generally like to keep the jar about halfway full, feel free to use extra jars if you need to.

      Reply

  6. 5 stars
    Hi Emily,
    Just wondering, if you can decarb the flower with the butter at the same time to create the infused butter, this being done in a crockpot or instant pot. Will the potency of the THC or CBD still be the same? If this can be done, what would the temperature have to be and time for the whole process be please?
    I would assume that this method would reduce the smell of the terpenes considerably 🙂 if it can be done?

    Thank you for your amazing insights and teachings….Much appreciated!

    Regards

    Reply

  7. Yo. What’s your recommendation with making infused brownies? I can decarboxylate and grind into powder. My question is, does putting the prepared product into a mix and cooking again, make a difference? Any advice on how to adjust? Brownies cook at 350° for 15-20 minutes. Already decarboxylated product in the batter, cooks a little bit more. You’re right about the strain you start with. I’ve had 500mg slices hammer me. Then the same stuff at 625mg stopped my heart. Blood pressure dropped to the dead zone and I actually shit myself. Was scary so I’m trying to make sense of that. Recently a batch was a 2 hrs come on, mild at first. Hours 3,4 and 5 were progressively stronger until it was banging hard. Slept like a baby. Thanks for your time and consideration.
    Daniel Loeffler

    Reply

    1. Hey Daniel. That’s a crazy story; I’m sorry to hear what happened to you. 500-625mg of THC is crazy high for a single person in one sitting! I typically use oil in my recipe when making brownies, but you can definitely use the decarbed flower. I don’t think the 20 minutes in the oven will make a big difference in the outcome, I would bake as normal. Maybe just use less decarbed flowers for a more mild experience?

      Reply

  8. Hi Emily!
    Your (fabulous) website and others websites have suggested decarbing cannabis by putting it in a mason jar and putting it in an oven. When I searched for “oven-safe mason jar” some websites emphatically point out that there’s no such thing. They claim that mason jars are made of annealed versus tempered glass and that the former can explode into shards when baked. Is this concern irrelevant because decarbing occurs at a lower temperature (e.g., 240-290 degrees) for this to happen? Maybe I’m unnecessarily nervous here but I’d still like to read what others have experienced in baking cannabis in a mason jar.

    Reply

    1. Hey Bill! I think you have a valid concern, it’s always a possibility the glass could break, but I think its more due to temperature shock (going from hot to cold or vice versa, too fast) than anything else. To avoid this, I just place my jar in the oven before preheating and leave it in there until it has completely cooled. Of course, you don’t need to use a mason jar, you can use any type of oven-safe dish you prefer, or even silicone bakeware. I hope this helps!

      Reply

  9. Hey Emily,

    I followed your instructions and compared the color of your decarbed buds vs mine. I didn’t take a picture of mine but it looked darker green and not as golden as yours. Could it be possible that I either burned them or did I not leave them in the oven long enough? And I also noticed when I removed the mason jar out of the oven, I left it sealed to cool off on the counter and when it was finally cooled enough to handle I noticed condensation inside the jar. Is that normal?

    Reply

    1. Hey Kimmi! Thanks so much for giving this tutorial a try. I truly don’t worry too much about the color – there are a lot of factors that can impact the final color that are irrelevant to the process. I trust the 40 minute time frame, and I am sure yours is just fine! Yes, condensation is normal and won’t harm or affect your final product. Just make sure to transfer everything to a clean, dry jar for storage to leave the moisture behind 🙂

      Reply

  10. 5 stars
    Hi Emily, I was wondering in your experience if decarbing by putting the cannabis in a mason jar in the oven would stop from smelling up the whole house since the mason jar lid acts kind of like a seal? Thank you!

    Reply

  11. I’m not sure if this is the best place to post this question, but figured my question starts one step before decarb (selecting cannabis strain), it’s the most logical (to me anyway) 🙂 I have seen mixed thoughts on the using different strains of cannabis for edibles. Is it true that this will only make the THC portion available vs. smoking where each strain has its own character including effects of indica vs. sativa

    Reply

    1. Hey Ed! I’ve heard this question asked before, and it seems to be unique for each person. I’ve heard people say they can definitely notice different effects (ex. Indica vs. Sativa) when consuming edibles, while others say it all hits them the same. Feel free to let us know what your experience was like after you’ve given your edibles a try!

      Reply

  12. hi – would you clarify the use of a mason jar in the context of what’s described as “… making sure the flower is in an even layer (you do not want clumps or mounds)”. For me, that’s more easily understood for using a glass baking dish, but not the jar.

    Reply

    1. Hey Elle! Great question. When I use a mason jar, I try to use the biggest one I have and then turn it over onto its side when it’s in the oven so the plant matter is spread out as much as possible. I hope this helps 🙂

      Reply

  13. 5 stars
    I am sure this is a silly question but, are you able to decarb THC dominant flower to bring out the CBD components? Thank you in advance for any advice.

    Reply

    1. No silly questions here, Heather. No, you cannot decarb THC flower to get CBD. There needs to be CBDA already present in the starting material to convert to CBD. You can start with a CBD-dominant flower to get the CBD you are looking for 🙂

      Reply

    1. Hey Unkle JR – That is a great question. I do not have lab tests to know what the best answer it. I personally would decarb for CBD (240°F for 90 minutes) in this case. You will achieve the CBD, and the THC conversion. You run the risk of slightly overdecarbing the THC, but in any case, that will bring you to more CBN. Keep us posted in what you end up doing!

      Reply

  15. Hi Emily,
    I was in South Africa last month and I purchased some weed there that I didn’t want to bring back on the plane as-is, so I had my husband bake it into some brownies. I totally forgot about the decarboxylating process because it had been years since I tried it and we were in a bit of a rush. So I cut the flower up into small pieces with kitchen knife and it was dumped into the batter. I figured that the brownies would be pretty much regular brownies after I realized I skipped that important step. However, upon returning to NY I had a couple friends try the brownies and they actually said the high was better than those chocolate Punch Bars that we usually have around. So… what’s up with that? Is it possible that the heat in the baking process helped release some stuff? It was so easy to do it that way and also they said the taste is great (I agree). What do you say about it?

    Reply

    1. Yael, it’s definitely possible that the heat from the baking process helped with the decarboxylation process 🙂

      Reply